猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

为了对河南省猪高热综合征发生期间多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的感染有全面了解,从2006-2010年河南省发生猪高热综合征的245家规模化猪场568份病料中分离革兰氏阴性小球杆菌,通过培养特性试验、生化试验和PCR试验分离鉴定到35株。对分离菌进行毒力和药敏试验,结果显示所分离的猪多杀性巴氏杆菌对小鼠均有毒力,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考敏感。     

水产动物抗菌肽基因异源表达研究进展

综述了近几年的一些研究结果,就水产动物抗菌肽在大肠杆菌、酵母菌、动植物等表达系统中的异源表达以及各自系统的优缺点等进行了阐述。     

添加纳米粒子的塑料包装材料在杨梅保鲜中的作用

纳米技术应用在杨梅保鲜包装上是一个新的尝试,它采用了交互性实验设计方案,将银纳米材料添加进塑料制成包装材料,可观测其保鲜效果.结果表明,纳米塑料包装材料和纳米奇冰石在提高杨梅好果率和延长货架期方面有正面效果;同时,在抑制VC分解方面具有一定的作用.     

THE VALUE OF RADIOGRAPHIC SCREENING FOR METALLIC PARTICLES IN THE EQUINE FOOT AND SIZE OF RELATED ARTIFACTS ON LOW‐FIELD MRI

Magnetic susceptibility artifacts as a result of metal debris from shoeing are a common problem in magnetic resonance imaging of the equine foot. Our purpose was to determine the suitability of radiography as a screening tool for the presence and location of metallic particles in the equine foot and to predict the size of the resultant magnetic susceptibility artifact. Radiography had 100% sensitivity for detection of metal particles ≥1 mm diameter. Metal particles of known diameter were placed within the hoof wall of 22 cadaver feet and scanned with a low‐field strength MR imaging unit (0.21 T). Magnetic resonance images were characterized by a signal void with a hyperintense rim and adjacent image distortion at the level of the known metal location. T2* weighted sequences were the most and fast spin echo (FSE) sequences the least affected. For all four sequences (T1 gradient echo [GRE]; T2*W GRE; T2 FSE; and short tau inversion recovery FSE), linear relationships were observed between particle and resultant artifact size. Magnetic susceptibility artifact size, location and superimposition on clinically relevant anatomic structures can be predicted radiographically for particles larger than 1 mm. If metal debris cannot be removed, the least artifact‐prone FSE sequences should be selected.     

中药复方多糖提取方法优化及对家禽主要致病菌的体外抑菌作用

本文采用正交设计方法,对中药复方多糖的提取工艺进行了优化,并应用打孔灌注法、试管二倍稀释法研究中药复方多糖对家禽主要致病菌的抑菌作用及最低抑菌浓度.结果显示,中药复方多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶30,浸提时间4h,提取次数2次;中药复方多糖对4种细菌均有一定的抑菌效果,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,抑菌圈达(33.50±0.175)mm,对沙门菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌的抑菌圈分别为(20.00±0.200) mm、(27.23±0.132) mm、(8.45±0.141)mm;抑菌浓度分别为大肠杆菌125 g/L、金黄色葡萄球菌63 g/L、链球菌250 g/L、沙门菌125g/L.试验表明,中药复方多糖对家禽主要致病菌有较好的抑菌效果,可用于细菌病的防治.     

光滑爪蟾抗菌肽的分离纯化和对癌细胞的生长抑制作用

通过凝胶过滤层析及高效液相色谱法,从皮肤分泌物中分离出具有抑菌活性的物质,即光滑爪蟾抗菌肽。以大肠癌细胞为体外实验模型,通过细胞形态学、MTS试验,研究光滑爪蟾抗菌肽对SW480细胞的杀伤和生长抑制作用。结果表明,经过分离纯化,得到较纯的活性物质,即光滑爪蟾抗菌肽。通过细胞形态学观察,光滑爪蟾抗菌肽作用组中,细胞的数量明显减少,细胞明显皱缩,成圆形,细胞间隙增大,死细胞增多。MTS试验表明,光滑爪蟾抗菌肽对SW480的生长抑制作用随着浓度的增加而加强。     

致病杆菌和发光杆菌抗菌代谢产物研究进展

致病杆菌Xenorhabdus和发光杆菌Photorhabdus是昆虫病原线虫肠道共生细菌,具有对宿主昆虫致病和对寄主线虫共生的双重特性,是一类特殊的生防细菌资源,其代谢产物具有广泛的杀虫和抑菌功能。本文综述了近年来昆虫病原线虫共生细菌产生的抗菌物质、编码抗菌代谢产物的基因及抗菌机制的研究进展。     

Towards a Pan‐European Assessment of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion

Understanding spatial and temporal patterns in land susceptibility to wind erosion is essential to design effective management strategies to control land degradation. The knowledge about the land surface susceptible to wind erosion in European contexts shows significant gaps. The lack of researches, particularly at the landscape to regional scales, prevents national and European institutions from taking actions aimed at an effective mitigating of land degradation. This study provides a preliminary pan‐European assessment that delineates the spatial patterns of land susceptibility to wind erosion and lays the groundwork for future modelling activities. An Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE) was created by combining spatiotemporal variations of the most influential wind erosion factors (i.e. climatic erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and landscape roughness). The sensitivity of each input factor was ranked according to fuzzy logic techniques. State‐of‐the‐art findings within the literature on soil erodibility and land susceptibility were used to evaluate the outcomes of the proposed modelling activity. Results show that the approach is suitable for integrating wind erosion information and environmental factors. Within the 34 European countries under investigation, moderate and high levels of land susceptibility to wind erosion were predicted, ranging from 25·8 to 13·0 M ha, respectively (corresponding to 5·3 and 2·9% of total area). New insights into the geography of wind erosion susceptibility in Europe were obtained and provide a solid basis for further investigations into the spatial variability and susceptibility of land to wind erosion across Europe. © 2014 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

7种园林地被植物耐盐性研究

应用不同NaCI水溶液处理法,比较研究了华南地区栽培的7种常见地被植物幼苗在盐胁迫条件下的存活率、盐害指数、叶绿素荧光参数、根和叶的K＋浓度、Na＋浓度、K＋／Na＋值、叶片相对电导率和相对含水量等指标,并运用隶属函数值对其植物耐盐性进行综合评定。结果表明：在7种参试植物中,小蚌兰Rhoeospathacea和鸢尾Ir...     

淮河上游全新世黄土-古土壤序列元素地球化学特性研究

在野外考察研究的基础上,对河南禹州全新世风成黄土-古土壤剖面系统采样,利用X-荧光光谱仪测定了常量元素和微量元素的含量及其变化,并与磁化率曲线、粒度变化曲线对比分析发现:常量元素氧化物比值钾钠比、残积系数和以Rb为代表的微量元素含量等随剖面层次呈规律性变化,即在古土壤层(S0)中含量最高,表土层(MS)中次之,在黄土层(L1、Lt、L0)中最低。硅铝率和Sr的含量表现出相反的变化规律。表明在全新世古土壤层和表土层形成时期,气候温暖湿润,成壤作用和次生粘化作用较强;在黄土堆积时期,气候比较干旱,沙尘暴频繁,成壤作用微弱。这些化学参数与磁化率曲线可以进行对比,表明成土过程中元素的迁移变化受全新世以来气候变化和成壤环境变化的控制。与黄土高原腹地的洛川剖面相比,淮河上游禹州剖面中绝大多数常量元素的含量较高,而绝大多数微量元素的含量偏低,磁化率也显著偏低,绝对值差别很大,粒度组成当中细沙成分含量很高,这说明淮河上游黄土物质来源与黄土高原地区明显不同。联系全新世时期黄河频繁泛滥、改道、沉积与黄淮平原盛行东北风形成流沙地的事实,认为淮河上游的黄土是黄河泛滥沉积物质经过风沙活动改造,由东北风力系统搬运而来的近源粉尘堆积,再经过就地风化或者成土改造而形成。